{"id":3943,"date":"2015-08-26T13:00:42","date_gmt":"2015-08-26T11:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/?p=3943"},"modified":"2020-09-09T12:34:24","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T11:34:24","slug":"histoires-de-traducteurs-julio-cortazar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/2015\/08\/26\/histoires-de-traducteurs-julio-cortazar\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoires de traducteurs: Julio Cort\u00e1zar"},"content":{"rendered":"

A l’occasion de l’anniversaire de naissance de Julio Cort\u00e1zar, le 26 ao\u00fbt, gros plan sur la traduction de Robinson Cruso\u00e9 par le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00e9crivain argentin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui 26 ao\u00fbt, c\u2019est l\u2019anniversaire du grand \u00e9crivain argentin Julio Cort\u00e1zar (il aurait 101 ans\u2026). L\u2019occasion de nous pencher sur un versant peut-\u00eatre moins connu de son oeuvre, mais non moins int\u00e9ressant: Julio Cort\u00e1zar traducteur.<\/p>\n

Cort\u00e1zar: traducteur d\u2019abord, \u00e9crivain ensuite<\/h2>\n

Julio Cort\u00e1zar fait partie de ces grands \u00e9crivains qui, tout comme son compatriote Borges,<\/strong>\u00a0ont commenc\u00e9 par \u00eatre traducteurs avant de devenir \u00e9crivains. L\u2019auteur de Marelle<\/i>, un des romans en langue espagnole les plus influents du XXe si\u00e8cles, l\u2019avoue lui-m\u00eame: \u201cJe pense aussi que ce qui m\u2019a aid\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019apprentissage, tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t, de langues \u00e9trang\u00e8res et le fait que la traduction, depuis le d\u00e9but, m\u2019a fascin\u00e9. Si je n\u2019\u00e9tais pas \u00e9crivain, je serais traducteur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jeunesse et \u00e9ducation<\/h2>\n

Julio\u00a0Cort\u00e1zar na\u00eet \u00e0 Bruxelles en 1914 de parents argentins. Avant que sa famille ne d\u00e9cide de revenir en Argentine, Cort\u00e1zar vit ses premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es en Suisse et en Espagne. De constitution fragile, il d\u00e9die ses longues journ\u00e9es d\u2019alitement \u00e0 la lecture de Jules Verne, Rimbaud, Montaigne et Cocteau, entre autres. C\u2019est ainsi tout naturellement qu\u2019il entame une carri\u00e8re de professeur \u00e8s lettres, puis de professeur de litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise, avant de se consacrer de plus en plus \u00e0 la traduction<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Julio Cort\u00e1zar, traducteur<\/h2>\n

M\u00eame si depuis 1937 il traduit d\u00e9j\u00e0 pour la revue fran\u00e7aise Leoplan, sa premi\u00e8re traduction litt\u00e9raire est celle de Robinson Crusoe<\/i>, de Daniel Defoe, en 1945. C\u2019est le d\u00e9but d\u2019une longue s\u00e9rie: mentionnons des traductions de Marguerite Yourcenar (M\u00e9moires d\u2019Hadrien<\/i>, 1955), G. K. Chesterton, Andr\u00e9 Gide ou encore Marcel Aym\u00e9, entre autres. En 1948 il obtient le titre de traducteur asserment\u00e9 en anglais et fran\u00e7ais<\/strong> et commence \u00e0 travailler pour des organismes internationaux<\/a> tels que l\u2019UNESCO ou la Commission de l\u2019\u00e9nergie atomique.<\/p>\n

La traduction de Robinson Cruso\u00e9 par Cort\u00e1zar<\/h2>\n

Robinson Cruso\u00e9<\/i>, de Daniel Defoe, est donc la premi\u00e8re traduction litt\u00e9raire de Cort\u00e1zar. Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que Cort\u00e1zar, l\u00e0 aussi tout comme Borges, ne se prive pas de remanier le texte original. M\u00eame s\u2019il est vrai que l\u2019oeuvre de Defoe, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e le premier roman en langue anglaise, a subi, d\u00e8s sa parution en 1719, de nombreuses mutilations, les interventions de Cortazar ne laissent pas de surprendre:\u00a0tout le processus par lequel le personnage principal du roman passe de l\u2019ath\u00e9isme au christianisme est pass\u00e9 sous silence. Il manque ainsi, dans la version traduite par l\u2019\u00e9crivain argentin, des pages enti\u00e8res de questionnements mystico-religieux! Comme par exemple dans le passage suivant, que Cort\u00e1zar a cru bon d\u2019\u00e9diter sans m\u00e9nagement:<\/p>\n

La version de Defoe<\/strong><\/p>\n

(…) how [the devil] had a secret access to our passions and to our affections, and to adapt his snares to our inclinations, so as to cause us even to be our own tempters, and run upon our destruction by our own choice.<\/i><\/p>\n

I found it was not so easy to imprint right notions in his mind about the devil as it was about the being of a God. Nature assisted all my arguments to evidence to him even the necessity of a great First Cause, an overruling, governing Power, a secret directing Providence, and of the equity and justice of paying homage to Him that made us, and the like; but there appeared nothing of this kind in the notion of an evil spirit, of his origin, his being, his nature, and above all, of his inclination to do evil, and to draw us in to do so too; and the poor creature puzzled me once in such a manner, by a question merely natural and innocent, that I scarce knew what to say to him. I had been talking a great deal to him of the power of God, His omnipotence, His aversion to sin, His being a consuming fire to the workers of iniquity; how, as He had made us all, He could destroy us and all the world in a moment; and he listened with great seriousness to me all the while. After this I had been telling him how the devil was God\u2019s enemy in the hearts of men, and used all his malice and skill to defeat the good designs of Providence, and to ruin the kingdom of Christ in the world, and the like.<\/i><\/p>\n

La version\u00a0de Cort\u00e1zar <\/strong><\/p>\n

Le mostr\u00e9 c\u00f3mo el diablo tiene secreto acceso a nuestras pasiones y nuestros afectos, y la astucia con que tiende sus trampas aprovechando nuestras inclinaciones a fin de que nosotros mismos nos tentemos y nos hundamos voluntariamente en la destrucci\u00f3n.<\/i><\/p>\n

Le dec\u00eda yo c\u00f3mo el diablo es el enemigo de Dios en el coraz\u00f3n de los hombres y emplea all\u00ed toda su malicia y su destreza para impedir los buenos designios de la Providencia, a fin de ocasionar la ruina del reino de Cristo, cuando Viernes me interrumpi\u00f3.<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de traduction<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Feliz cumple Julio! Aujourd’hui, Julio Cort\u00e1zar aurait eu 101 ans. A l’occasion de l’anniversaire de naissance de l’\u00e9crivain argentin, int\u00e9ressons-nous non pas \u00e0 ses \u00e9crits mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0 ses traductions dont celle de Robinson Cruso\u00e9. […]<\/p>\n

Lire la suite\u2026 from Histoires de traducteurs: Julio Cort\u00e1zar<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":3963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[132,251],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-et-traduction","category-about-translation-fr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/culturesconnection.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}